Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common diseases in the world.Despite all its complexity, there are methods that allow you to greatly facilitate human life.First of all, it is necessary to observe a certain diet.
If you adhere to a properly prescribed nutrition, then diabetes will not affect general well -being, and in addition, the likelihood of various kinds of complications is reduced, including a heart attack, stroke, etc.
Types of diets
Diet in diabetes is determined depending on the type of disease itself and the age category.So there are general principles for constructing proper nutrition, which are adjusted on the basis of individual indicators of the human body.
Since it is impossible to cure the disease, to reduce the danger from it, a certain menu is prescribed.The use of proper food at a clearly specified time is necessary for:
- reducing risks of chronic and acute complications;
- maintaining good health and relatively strong immunity;
- preventing a set of excess weight or getting rid of it;
- preservation of blood sugar in permissible limits.
There are two types of diabetes.The first in other words is called insulin -dependent.Its development is associated with the lesion and death of cells in the pancreas and are responsible for the production of insulin.
With it, the food is aimed at maintaining the process of insulin therapy and is rather an additional method of control over the disease.Its principles are similar to those that healthy people adhere to in achieving a good figure and well -being.
The main difference is the need to calculate the number of carbohydrates.Since the treatment of 1 type of diabetes consists in taking insulin, you need to monitor what percentage in the daily diet is given to carbohydrates.As a rule, it should be no more than 60%.
Since type 2 diabetes, it is also insulin -dependent, develops in obese people, accordingly, the dietary diet is in the first place.In the initial stage of the disease or easy, the meaning lies in a rational way of excess weight.
When diabetes of this type reaches medium or even severe, then in addition to the diet, taking drugs aimed at reducing blood sugar, or insulin levels.It is worth noting that in such cases, special attention should be paid to physical exertion.Thanks to them, such a problem as obesity can be solved without surgical intervention.
The most popular diets are the so -called 8 and 9 table.The eighth dietary table is applicable to those who suffer from overweight or have a tendency to complete.The ninth is taken as a basis when determining the diet for diabetics.
Diet No. 9 for diabetes
Diet No. 9 is considered therapeutic and prescribed to normalize metabolism (carbohydrates).It is also aimed at preventing violations associated with fat metabolism.Its calorie content should not exceed 2500 kcal.
A similar diet is characterized as follows:
- calorie content should be reduced by using animal fats and carbohydrates, which are easily absorbed (except for sweets and sugar);
- partial restriction or complete exclusion of cholesterol and salt;
- more consumption of more vitamins and fiber;
- The content of proteins should be within the norm.
The basis of all useful diets, including the ninth, is the correct meal.It is often necessary to eat in small portions.In total, the frequency should be 5 or 6 times a day.
Frying or stewed dishes should be eaten as little as possible or completely forget about them.In the first place should be baked and boiled.It is best to develop a menu for a week, because it will be easier to monitor this.A special preference should be given to the following products:
- low -fat meat;
- low -fat fish;
- vegetables that contain no more than 5% carbohydrates;
- fruits (not all);
- Natural drinks without sugar.
As for seasonings and eggs, their consumption should be limited.This is especially true for egg yolks.The number of proteins per day should not exceed 1.5 pieces.In addition to the fact that it is necessary to exclude sweets from the menu for diabetes, also prohibiting pasta, butter and layered dough, pickled vegetables.
It is categorically impossible to consume bananas, dates, figs, grapes and all its derivatives.The same applies to fats such as pork, ram and beef.To obtain the necessary fats, you should use butter (without salt) and vegetable in moderation.
Diet No. 9 acts as the basis that is used when prescribing the necessary nutrition.Depending on the personal indicators of a person suffering from diabetes, it is adjusted.There are various types of diets that can be combined and find a suitable option for yourself.
What is a bread unit?
Since the meaning in proper nutrition for diabetics is to consume carbohydrates in certain quantities, you should know how that cherished norm is determined, on which it depends on how much and what products you need to eat.
All products that include carbohydrates, various physical properties, calorie content, etc.The usual measuring method is not subject to these characteristics.In addition, nutrition for diabetes requires increased control over its own daily norm.
In order to make it easier to determine how much you need to eat this or that product and not go beyond what is permitted, nutritionists introduced the term “bread unit”.The concept is applied in cases where an insulin is prescribed diabetics.
With such a measured unit, it is much easier for a person to understand what can be eaten and drink, and what is impossible.It makes up its healthy menu based on personal indicators, and can also change some products to others containing carbohydrates.
As a rule, in a day a person must consume from 18 to 25 such units.Since there should be five meals, it is logically rational to distribute this amount by all times.The main “dose” should enter the body in the morning.To monitor the number of bread units consumed, you can paint the menu by day.
How many calories to consume a day?
Diet for diabetes requires abandoning many products and dishes that could previously enter the everyday diet.However, do not confuse food that allows normalizing sugar levels with the one that is necessary for losing extra kilo.
Power supply for diabetes of the 1st type is aimed precisely to correctly calculate how much insulin is needed.The calorie content in this case plays not such an important role.It must be monitored so as not to gain in weight.
The type 2 diabetes really requires increased control over consumed calories, since it often develops precisely against the background of obesity.However, it is also not worth bringing them to the calculation to fanaticism either.
The number of calories per day is calculated depending on the individual indicators of the body.The diet itself should be low -carbing, but it does not imply a complete absence of carbohydrates.It is necessary to eat, but it is important not to overeat.
When the question arises, what can be eaten with type 2 diabetes, many believe that you need to sit on almost only crackers and water.This is categorically impossible.Food should be full -fledged, containing vitamins and fiber.
There are various recipes of delicious, satisfying and at the same time useful dishes that will not allow to get better, but at the same time a person will be full of strength and energy.What specific products should be consumed and what approximate number of calories are allowed per day, stipulated with its doctor.
Useful and harmful products
Low -carb diets are different.For a healthy person, they are less strict than for the one who has diabetes diagnosed.But their meaning is the same.They vary in the main list of products that are divided into healthy and harmful for diabetics.
Useful
- all types of vegetables;
- greens (spinach, sorrel, dill);
- mushrooms;
- meat and fish (low -fat);
- coffee and tea;
- mineral water.
Harmful
Moderately raising sugar:
- potato;
- cereals;
- pasta, including from solid varieties;
- sour -milk products.
Strongly raising sugar:
- sweets;
- honey;
- drinks with sugar;
- alcohol;
- grapes and its derivatives;
- Sharp and salty seasonings.
Such a division of products is generally accepted and is often taken as a basis when developing a menu for diabetes.But what is useful to one may be harmful to the other.Since everything is relative, an individual diet is compiled for each diabetic.
How to eat with obesity
There is an opinion that in order to lose weight, it is necessary to adhere to a strict low -calorie diet.But the fact is that this does not work.Numerous studies have shown that with a decrease in the caloricity of their diet, except for a constant feeling of hunger up to hungry fainting, nervousness and other things, nothing more happens.
With such a diet, it will be possible to lose weight literally a few kilograms, but if at the same time the body was distinguished by elasticity and good muscles, then this is all that all will leave it in the first place.Subcutaneous fats will not go anywhere, and sometimes on the contrary will accumulate even more.
The protein diet involves active protein consumption and a parallel decrease in the amount of fats and carbohydrates.The approach itself is not bad, but there are also nuances here.Again, it is impossible to overdo it with proteins, and it is completely prohibited from the fats from the diet.The absence of carbohydrates will lead to a loss of vital energy.
As a result, everything comes down to a low -carb diet again.By itself, it is necessary to reduce sugar.In weight loss, she is not a lifeguard, but of all the presented she is the best.Its merit is that all the necessary elements that are needed to maintain vital activity fall into the body.
Thus, when there is a rational amount of natural fats, proteins and carbohydrates, there is no need to make deposits.Metabolism begins to work as a clock, there is no chronic feeling of hunger, the symptoms of the disease practically disappear, and a person becomes more active.
Diet for type 1 diabetes
To maintain the normal state of the body in type 1 diabetes, the same low -carb diet is necessary.But in this case, it should be strict.The table number here does not play a special role, although diet No. 9 is often taken as a basis.
The problem is that even the action of insulin is very different, therefore it is quite difficult to normalize the indicators.That is why it is necessary to adhere to a certain nutrition.The fewer carbohydrates enter the body, the less insulin needs.
It should be understood that its own diet is interconnected with the personal dosage of insulin.Therefore, when developing your menu, you need to take into account the amount of the drug.It is better to paint it by day to make it easier to follow.
Type 2 diabetes diet
Since type 2 diabetes is less complicated than the 1st type, the diet is necessary to get rid of excess weight and prevent it in the future.Again, the low-carb diet is also recommended.Of course, this is an approximate diet that is adjusted.Its meaning in normalizing glucose and insulin in the blood, as well as in control over insulin resistance.
Some practice taking various tablets for weight loss and treatment with folk remedies.The first should be forgotten in general, since at best there will be no use from these drugs.
Folk remedies, as a rule, consist in any herbal infusions and decoctions.If you really understand healing plants, then it may be possible to do something from this, but this is not worth doing this.
Renal failure
Against the background of the disease, renal failure may develop.It should be understood that it is caused not by food protein, as many mistakenly believe, but by an increased blood sugar.
The active development of such an ailment is suspended when the glucose level is normalized.Diet helps for this.Squirrels from the diet are not excluded, but with carbohydrates you need to work.Proper nutrition, available to the common people, may even lead to the fact that the kidneys will completely recover.
However, if the process is brought to the extreme, then there will be no return to healthy kidneys.Moreover, in this case, the low -carb diet can accelerate the destructive process.In order not to bring to this, you need to monitor your condition, and the table created for yourself will help to control the power where the dishes and doses of insulin are painted, if necessary.
Other important points
Diabetes can develop at any age.In children, it can arise against the background of the fact that there was overeating with flour products, sweets, etc. Having discovered the problem in time and starting to solve it correctly, complications can be avoided.
In women, the disease can occur for various reasons.Constant stresses, abundant nutrition (mainly harmful products), as well as inactivity can cause overweight and, as a result, type 2 diabetes.
Quite often there is a situation when the disease arose during pregnancy.This is due to violations in the hormonal background.In addition, a woman during this period can actively consume products that can cause diabetes.
As a rule, a less strict diet acts for pregnant women, which is aimed at normalizing processes in the body and partially reducing weight, but without harm to the fetus.
With gestational diabetes or diabetes against the background of pregnancy, strict nutrition should only be specified with a specialist.The diet should be adjusted taking into account the fact that there is a parallel development of the fetus.By excluding any products, you can harm the unborn child.
In men, type 2 diabetes develops slightly less often than in women.This is due to the fact that they have somewhat accelerated metabolism.But harmful food, addiction to alcohol and insignificant physical activity, will easily lead to such a problem.